DG 4: The Evolvement of Mathematics Teachers' Community-of-Practice

Description and Rationale
A successful implementation of educational changes depends on teachers' professional learning, and their ability to translate innovative ideas into practice. Although teaching, by its very nature, is a complex practice, most teachers work in isolation, making their own planning and decisions, and solve pedagogical problems with limited consultation with and feedback from their colleagues.
The past decade has seen increasing demand to improve school mathematics, which, as a result, generated a need for teachers to join forces and share individual knowledge and experience with the community. Thus, the need to nurture mathematics teachers' communities of practice became a primary goal.
Wegner (1998), who coined the term "community of practice" (CoP), maintains that in order for a community to be recognized as a CoP, a combination of three characteristics, cultivated in parallel, is necessary:
(i) The domain: A CoP is identified by a common domain of interest;
(ii) The community: A CoP consists of members who are engaged in joint activities and discussions, help each other, share information, and build relationships that enable them to learn from one other;
(iii) The practice: Members of a CoP are practitioners. They develop a shared repertoire of resources, such as experiences, stories, tools, and ways of addressing recurring problems, thus learn with and from each other.
In general, national communities of mathematics teachers conform to Wegner's first two characteristics: they definitely share an interest in mathematics, its teaching and learning, and in many countries they meet in professional conferences, read professional journals, and share a professional jargon enabling them to learn from one another. However, the third characteristic, to a large extent, is still missing in many communities of mathematics teachers, as only few develop a shared repertoire of resources. Even those communities of mathematics teachers who do develop such resources usually count on leaders of the community to put together such resources for the benefit of the entire community.
In light of the above, the proposed Discussion Group will focus on issues related to the formation of a mathematics teachers' CoP and to the on-going handling of such CoP from both theoretical and practical points of view.
Key Questions
Session no. 1 : Triggers and needs for CoPs to be formed – theory and practice
A short introduction to provide the background and framework for the discussion – Views from three continents

Barbara Clarke (Early Numeracy Research Project, Australia): Professional learning teams as communities of practice;
Jiansheng Bao (School based Teaching and Research System, China): What kind of help do mathematics teachers need for their teaching?
Diane Resek (The Revitalizing Algebra Project in the United States): What activities for teachers can promote a productive community of practice where students become more successful? Introduction of the Revitalzing Algebra Project in the United States
The Discussion
Attendants of the DG will be asked to form 5 subgroups (each chaired by one of the OT members) to discuss the following questions:
(i) What triggers and needs for CoPs to be formed, can you identify based upon your own
experiences/beliefs/research? Who are the initiators and what are their drivers?
(ii) in as much as possible, please anchor your perceptions in a theoretical framework.
Each subgroup will summarize and present its main findings to the whole group. This will be followed by a whole group discussion focusing on characterizing the main issues a mathematics teachers' CoP should be concerned about, and questions or dilemmas worth of further investigation.
Session no. 2 : On-going handling of mathematics teachers' CoP – theory and practice
A short introduction to provide the background and framework for the discussion:

Nitsa Movshovitz-Hadar (Former head of the high-school center of mathematics teachers, Israel): Significant attributes of CoP that make it important to maintain and develop a mathematics education CoP as characterized in the 1st session
Atara Shriki (Wiki-Math-Ed project, Israel): The rationale for exploiting the potential of a Wikibased platform for an on-going support of a mathematics teachers' CoP.
The Discussion
Attendants of the DG will be asked to form 5 subgroups (each chaired by one of the OT members) to discuss the following questions:
(i) What models or practices have been found effective for encouraging the development and supporting the existence of a mathematics teachers' COP in your country?
(ii) What might be the appropriate ways to help teachers trust each other so they can talk about their real feelings and concerns about their professional strengths and weaknesses?
(iii) What means are used for maintaining and the on-going revitalizing of the CoP – e.g. leadership by external experts? Teachers' assuming responsibility? empowerment? Government financial support?
Each subgroup will summarize and present its main findings to the whole group. This will be followed by a whole group discussion focusing on: What have we learned and how might we summarize our discussions? Culminating a discussion of possible future international collaboration (a book?)
Organizers
Co-chairs :
Nitsa Movshovitz-Hadar (Israel) nitsa@technion.ac.il
Atara Shriki (Israel) Shriki@technion.ac.il
Team Members :
Jiansheng Bao (China) jsbao@math.ecnu.edu.cn
Barbara Clarke (Australia) barbara.clarke@monash.edu
Diane Resek (USA) resek@sfsu.edu
Liaison IPC Member :